Canal-boaters are, by their nature, off-grid and so require unique solutions to the issue of dealing with toilet waste while afloat. Recently composting toilets have risen in prominence within the boating community.

This research paper aims to highlight the impact of this toilet technology by comparing their use against the EU Waste Hierarchy, and by using the three pillars of sustainability as a roadmap. The research was carried out mostly through literary sources, however informal interviews with canal-boaters were also conducted.

The broad nature of agricultural waste means that the different waste streams must be dealt with in specialist ways, bringing both challenges and opportunities. This essay sets out to assess if the EU and UK legislation has been successful in dealing with the waste management issues of this varied waste stream.

EIA is one of a range of tools planners can use to assess the environmental impact of a proposed development (Glasson, et al., 2012) (Morris & Therivel, 2009). This essay will outline the history and advancement of EIA principles, review the role of sustainable development in the evolution of European EIA directives, assess the effectiveness of this approach in controlling the environmental effects of developments, and finally consider the importance of the role EIA plays in the delivery of sustainable development goals.

This report covers the issues surrounding the treatment of waste in a typical Berlin- Neukölln household. A 3-week audit of the waste produced in the household was undertaken to help Berlin City Authorities better understand the issues